Rilevamento di inclinazioni critiche
I vigili del fuoco mettono a rischio la loro vita in molti modi, non solo entrando in edifici in fiamme. Anche arrivare sul luogo di un'emergenza può essere pericoloso. Per questo motivo la National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ha sviluppato standard applicabili ai nuovi veicoli utilizzati per trasportare i vigili del fuoco. La normativa 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, definisce gli standard richiesti nella produzione dei mezzi antincendio per garantire la sicurezza dei vigili del fuoco.
Tra questi vi è la stabilità del veicolo per garantire che il mezzo non si ribalti durante l'uso. L'articolo 4.13.1 della NFPA 1901 descrive le modalità necessarie al rispetto di questo standard: inclinazione del veicolo su un'apposita piattaforma di 26,5 gradi in entrambe le direzioni o dotazione del carrello con un sistema di controllo elettronico della stabilità (ESC). Secondo A.K. Rosenhan, ingegnere consulente specializzato in costruzione, collaudo, valutazione e analisi dei guasti di mezzi antincendio: "I sistemi ESC sono costosi, soggetti a problemi e non disponibili per tutti i telai. Inoltre, a molti conducenti non piace che i loro comandi vengano bypassati.
Anche se l'uso di una piattaforma inclinabile è un test quasi statico, è molto più facile e meno pericoloso da eseguire e certamente molto più agevole rispetto a guidare un veicolo in circolo inclinato con un raggio specifico e a una velocità prefissata per vedere se il mezzo si ribalta". Ferrara Fire Apparatus, leader nella produzione di veicoli di supporto per emergenze con sede a Holden, in Louisiana (USA), conduce numerosi crash test e analisi di sicurezza e offre sia sistemi di controllo della stabilità elettronici che test dell'inclinazione dei veicoli su piattaforma. "Sapendo che il nuovo standard 1901 avrebbe richiesto il test di stabilità, abbiamo effettuato un investimento in un impianto per l'esecuzione del test presso il nostro stabilimento, conforme a SAE 2180", afferma Chris Ferrara, Presidente di Ferrara Fire Apparatus.
Il test della piattaforma inclinabile
Un fattore importante di questo test consiste nel misurare con precisione l'inclinazione e registrare altri parametri di prova, quali lo spostamento del corpo, che andranno documentati e registrati nella certificazione finale. Dopo aver inizialmente utilizzato un semplice indicatore di posizione angolare a pendolo per misurare l'inclinazione della piattaforma, Ferrara ha scelto di utilizzare l'inclinometro monoassiale di Turck, per la sua affidabilità e facilità d'uso. "Molti conducenti/operatori sono inclini a preferire il test della piattaforma inclinabile, volendo evitare i limiti di accelerazione associati all'ESC", spiega Ferrara.
"Poiché la gravità è piuttosto costante, i risultati del test della piattaforma inclinabile sono coerenti, non soggetti a errori o interpretazioni e hanno una valenza piuttosto grafica della conformità di un mezzo antincendio allo standard NFPA", aggiunge Rosenhan. "L'inclinometro di Turck fa un buon lavoro nel fornire le informazioni necessarie". "È piuttosto angoscioso vedere un mezzo antincendio da circa 30 tonnellate dal valore di circa 1 milione di dollari, con le ruote per aria. Ovviamente ci sono catene e cinghie che ancorano il mezzo, ma non saldamente, lasciandolo sufficientemente libero di muoversi per determinare se il veicolo non supera il test", conclude Rosenhan.
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